BE A TECH OF THE ROUND TABLE Register by September 29, 2015 Tuesday
Recycled Web Page
___________________________________________________________
SERIES ON LABORATORY ICONS
Before they became famous in the world of laboratory technology, they were just like ordinary people - exploring, experimenting, and testing their new inventions. They were the ones that laid the foundation of modern technology, inspiring new breed of laboratory scientists to persevere and discover new medical frontiers.
1 ANTON VAN LEEUVENHOEK (1632-1723)
The Father of Microbiology
Anton Van Leeuwenhoek was born at Delft, The Netherlands on October 24, 1632. He considered himself more of an observer than a theoretician. He was the first to leave written records of his findings in the world of microscopic life through observations and drawings. Leeuwenhoek prepared hundreds of lenses with hand-grinding techniques and developed lenses with magnifying powers up to 270 diameters. The amateur and ordinary scientist focused on different materials such as teeth scrapings, blood cells, dirty water, muscle fibers and sperm cells. He called the tiny things animalcules and he described them as being 1,000 times smaller the eye of a louse. He most probably saw these moving organisms as Giardia lamblia. He used it as the standard measurement because its size is almost constant.
With his simple microscope he explained how he discovered bacteria and other minute organisms not visible with the naked eye. He much opposed the popular thinking that living things can arise from dead matter.
Web Page: Laboratory Icons Leeuvenhoek
2. ANTOINE LAURENT LAVOISIER (1743-1794) Father of Chemistry Lavoisier was born in Paris of well-to-do parents. In college he became interested in physical sciences and math. As a chemist, he performed a series of tests and proved the first accurate and scientific explanation of the mystery of fire. That burning is the result of the rapid combination of the burning material with oxygen. He also proved the law of conservation of matter - that matter can be neither created nor destroyed, but can only be changed from one form into another. Lavoisier showed that when a candle burns, there's as much mass or weight present after the candle burns as before although it appears to have been destroyed. The substances have only changed their forms. Another application is the combustion in the body - that the source of energy is the slow burning of food. In 1766, the French Academy of Sciences awarded him a gold medal for a plan lighting city streets. Paris became known as the City of Lights. In 1789, Lavoisiers wrote the first chemical equation and Elements of Chemistry, the first modern textbook of Chemistry. For most of his life, Lavoisier was a member of the financial company that collected taxes for the French government. The leaders of the French revolution regarded Lavoisier as an aristocrat and he was guillotined to death by the revolutionists.
ReplyDelete3 LOUIS PASTEUR (1822 - 1895) Father of Microbiology Louis Pasteur was born on December 17, 1822, at Dole, France. He studied chemistry at the Ecole Normale and Sorbonne in Paris. In 1849, he joined the faculty of science in Strasbourg where he began his studies of fermentation and with his many experiments brought many improvements in brewing and winemaking through the process of pasteurization at 143 degree-Fahrenheit (less heat than boiling) . Today it is used to prevent food such as milk, cheese, and beer from spoilage. Because of his many works, he saved France enough money to pay off its debts incurred during the Franco-Prussian War. In 1854, he saved the French silk industry by discovering the parasite that caused a disease among silkworms. He was credited in establishing microbiology as a science. Scientists before him insisted that living things come from non-living things through a process known as spontaneous generation. But not so. He scientifically proved - that all living things come from other living things. He showed that bacteria are all about us, that they can be controlled or destroyed by chemical and physical means. He studied the findings of Robert Koch, Joseph Lister, and other leading medical contributors of the time and thus favored using antiseptics in surgical operations thereby reducing postoperative infections. In 1881, he proved that vaccination is the solution in preventing anthrax in cattle and sheep and other infectious diseases in animals. In 1882, he focused his attention to rabies - spread through the bite of a mad dog. His immunization against rabies was a success when the treatment first worked on a small boy, Joseph Meister, who was bitten by a mad dog. Pasteur also investigated the the prevention of tuberculosis, cholera, tetanus, and other diseases.</font
ReplyDelete4 Robert Koch (1843-1910) Discovered Tubercle Bacilli Robert Koch was born at Klausthal, Hanover, Germany. He studied medicine at Gottingen and as a physician, he established bacteriology as a separate science. He developed new techniques in staining (acid-fast procedure), incubating, and culturing of bacteria. He also introduced the techniques of steam by dry heat sterilization. At 24, he grew a pure strain of Bacillus anthracis and worked out a method of inoculation in preventing disease in cattle. In 1878, he published his great thesis on the cause of infections. Bacteriology students know The KOCH'S POSTULATES by heart....that there is a HOST PORTAL OF ENTRY OF INFECTION NUMBER OF PATHOGENIC ORGANISMS INFECTIOUS DISEASE In 1882, he discovered the germ that causes tuberculosis, also known as Koch's bacillus, or what we lab techs call "cough bacillus." He was appointed a professor at the University of Berlin in 1885. In 1890, Koch announced to the scientific world his tuberculin preparation which is an extract from tubercle bacilli, to be used in diagnosing tuberculosis. He traveled the world in search of scientific knowledge in infectious disease - he studied blood infections in patients in East Africa, and sleeping sickness caused by the parasites Leishmania and Trypanosoma in West Africa, he conducted research on bubonic plague in India, he identified the germ of cholera. In 1891, he founded the Institute of Infectious Diseases in Berlin, and became its director. In 1905, Robert Koch won the Nobel Prize in physiology and medicine for his work on tuberculosis. Stockholm City Hall - Nobel Prize Headquarter <font face="Arial" color="
ReplyDelete